Bacteria, viruses and fungi all depend on an enzyme to metabolize oxygen to live. Silver interferes with the effectiveness of the enzyme in each case and disables the uptake of oxygen, thereby killing the microbe. This process has the added benefit of not harming humans. In addition, no research has discovered any bacteria able to develop an immunity to silver as they often do with antibiotics. Furthermore, silver, a naturally occurring element, is non-toxic, hypoallergenic, does not accumulate in the body to cause harm and is considered safe for the environment.

Silver nanoparticles antibacterial mechanism mainly has the following several aspects:
1. the effective ingredients of antibacterial fiber, effect on the cell membrane proteins, which can directly destroy bacteria cell membrane, and cause cell contents leaking. adsorption silver nanoparticles on cell membrane, blocking bacteria and other microorganisms for growth essential nutrients absorption such as amino acid, uracil, thereby inhibit its growth.

2. antibacterial fabrics surface releases a certain wavelength range of far infrared ray, can inhibit the activity of the bacteria, killing bacteria.
3. surface catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles, affect the normal metabolism of bacteria and normal breeding, killing bacteria.

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